HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Lightness)

HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Lightness) is a method for describing colors. HSL is also known by the abbreviations of HLS and HIS, while the L can often refer to luminosity or luminance rather than light.

The HLS color model is graphically represented by a double cone or hexcone, this shape resembles a spinning top. The top and bottom ends of the cone, also called apexes, are the colors black and white. In this model, the hue is represented by the angular perimeter. The S part of HSL is graphically viewed by varying distances from the axis, which is the line that is located in the center of the graph in the vertical direction. And finally the distance between the two apexes is what represents the light of the color model. To put this graph, and the one for the similar HSV graph (which is a single cone representation of color model), into perspective both are variations of the well-know RGB color model.

Comparing HSL and HSV

                                                                                                                            

As mentioned before, HSL and HSV differ in the fact that one represents the color model as a single-cone, while the other uses a double-cone. Because the HSL model keeps the light and saturation aspects of the color model unique from each other, it tends to be more useful for those wishing to take advantage of these attributes in their work.

The HSL color model allows the color to range from a color that is fully saturated to gray. The HSV goes all the way down to a white, which is not useful to many users of the color model. On the other hand, light can range from white to black in a HSL model (with the desired color in between), while the similar HSV color model can only range from the desired color to black. It is obvious that the HSL color model does indeed offer more freedom.

Computer programs that use color model are known to use either the HSL or HSV color models. Some programs will even use both. The most frequently used color model is the HSV. For example, Apple computers use the HSV color model for their color picker, while Microsoft uses HSL. And while the simple Paint program provided by Microsoft only uses the HSL color model, more advanced photo editing software such as Adobe Photoshop benefits from using both color models.

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How to X-Ray in Photoshop

Photoshop is a very popular image editing software designed and distributed by Adobe that allows users to fully customize their images, modify them, and insert a wide variety of special effects. Photoshop is used by schools, businesses, and home users to enhance images, create ideal advertisements and marketing icons such as website banners and logos, and perform other image editing tasks. Photoshop has a wide variety of functions and can be used in very diverse ways. While Photoshop has too many features to list in one page, several of its most important features are listed below.

How To X-Ray In Photoshop

Photoshop has the ability to apply an X-Ray effect to images in order to make certain items semi-transparent. This function can be entertaining and fun to play around with but can also serve as an important tool when used by law enforcement or other professional agencies. An X-Ray can be applied to an image in Photoshop by opening the image and duplicating and inverting the current layer, in that order. The user then adds a layer mask to the current layer and selects “Reveal All” in the Layer Mask options. The user then clicks on the “Apply Image” button while the layer mask is still selected and inputs the file’s information. This will include the Source which is the name of the file, a background Layer, and an RGB channel. The attributes will also consist of normal Blending, a checkmarked Invert, and a 100% Opacity.

Other Photoshop Features

In addition to the X-Ray function, Photoshop has a wide variety of other tools and features that allow the user to create, edit, and enhance images. Photoshop is also designed to be user-friendly so many of its features are in place simply to make the user’s experience easier. A few of Photoshop’s most important features are listed below.

Image Enhancement

Photoshop is designed for editing and enhancing images and includes a wide variety of tools that are able to accomplish these tasks. Photoshop includes a red eye removal tool, a color decontaminator, an element reposition tool, and various mask options. Photoshop also includes Smart Filters, Smart Objects, retouching, warping, scaling, and a number of selection tools.

Third-Party Compatibility

Photoshop is compatible with several major operating systems including Windows, Linux, Unix, FreeBSD, and Mac OS. It is also compatible with a number of third-party applications such as the DNG Profile Editor, Adobe Pixel Bender, Adobe Configurator, Adobe Photoshop Marketplace, Adobe Community Help, and Adobe ConnectNow. While each of these programs provide different features, they are all compatible with Photoshop and can work together to create very customized, high quality images.

User Interface

Photoshop has a friendly user interface that is easy to use for both beginners and advanced users. While Photoshop may be difficult to learn for beginners, it can be mastered in a matter of weeks and includes many helpful tips for creating excellent images. Each of Photoshop’s tools and features are properly labeled and include short descriptions about what each tool does. This allows for users to quickly identify what each option does and learn Photoshop very quickly. Photoshop’s user interface can be customized to work with the user’s preset keyboard shortcuts and windows can be moved around the screen to provide maximum efficiency of space.

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Vector Images

Vector images are a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements. A vector image can be composed of points that lines connect or nodes (control points) that Bezier curves connect.

Vector Images: Advantages

A mathematical equation defines each object inside a vector image. This means that vector images are not resolution dependent. Thus, each vector object is scalable and can generally be resized without any image quality loss. As such, vector images are ideal for graphics such as maps and company logos that often require scaling. However, it must be noted that when the sizes of some vector images are reduced too drastically, fine lines may disappear. Too much enlargement can also make drawing mistakes apparent.

Each object may be edited to contain attributes such as outline, color, and fill. Modifying the object’s attributes will not change the basic object. The object’s size can also be transformed or shaped by using and adjusting its control points.

Vector images have no white pixel backgrounds. This means that a vector object can be put above another without blocking out the object underneath.

Vector images typically have small file sizes because one such file contains only the mathematical equations that determine the Bezier curves that define the image. A vector image file does not contain the image itself.

Vector Images: Disadvantages

Vector images, though they are highly defined, are not appropriate for producing realistic photos and images. Vector images have solid color and gradient attributes but they are not conducive to uninterrupted sequences of subtle color tone and shade variations.

There have been improvements to vector drawing software, which enables users to approximate photo-realistic vector objects. Attributes such as transparency can now be adjusted with vector imaging tools. Bitmap textures can now also be applied to vector objects. Shading and blending are also some of the new vector imaging tools’ functions. Still, most vector images look like sharply drawn cartoon images.

Working with Vector Images

Vector images can be made through vector imaging software such as Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw, Macromedia Freehand, among others. Pictures and graphics can be scanned then converted into vector images with vector conversion software.

Vector images can be converted into bitmap images. Save the vector image first then specify the output bitmap image’s resolution through the rasterizing process. Pixel size, anti-aliasing, and dithering of the output bitmap image are determined through this process. After conversion, it is best to save it in GIF or PNG formats if the resulting bitmap image is going to be used in the Web.

Vector Images Formats

There are various file formats for saving vector images. EPS or Encapsulated PostScript format is the most versatile vector file format and is thus the most commonly used. Another widely used vector image file format is PDF or Portable Document Format, which Adobe developed. One other file format for saving vector images is PICT, which Macintosh developed.

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How to Make 3D Images

3D (3 dimensional) images are a representation of an object displayed in three dimensions (length, depth and height). The creation of 3-D graphics can be divided into three phases. The first step, defines the shape of the object in a process called 3D modeling. The second step involves the placement and motion of the objects in a step called layout and animation, and the last step renders the final image of the object.

3D Modeling

3D modeling involves making the basic three-dimensional shape or wire frame of the objects. This can be done through different methods like scanning the shape of a real-world object into a computer using 3D modeling tools, procedural modeling using a set of algorithms or physical/dynamical simulation.

3D modeling is used by most industries today such as the medical industry for a detailed presentation of organs, the entertainment industry for its video and computer games, the movie industry for visual effects, and the engineering industry for 3D rendering of new devices, building plans or vehicle designs.

The modeling process can either be through polygonal modeling in which dots are connected and the faces of the polygons that result create the image of the object. It can also be through NURBS modeling where dots are used again but curved lines are used to connect them and create the image.

Lay-Out and Animation

This step involves placing the object within a scene. Here, the spatial relationships of the objects that are to be in the same scene are defined and factors like location and size are taken into account. Some of the commonly used methods for this step are motion capture or digital recording of movements, inverse kinematics or determining the proper angular positions of the elements of a jointed object, and keyframing, which defines the start and endpoints of a smooth transition through frames.

Movement in this step is created by displaying a series of images that are similar to one another on the screen in a sequential fashion to create the illusion of movement. The frames can be replaced by a virtual skeleton and the computer automatically calculates the differences in appearance among succeeding frames by a process known as morphing or tweening.

Rendering

Rendering is the step wherein the model is translated into an image by integrating lighting effects such as shadows and scattering of light. Today, one of the popular reflection models used in 3D graphics rendering is the Phong reflection model. This determines how the light is reflected or refracted from a surface at any given point in the object and how the properties of the object materials vary on said surface. Several techniques are used to create this effect and some of them are: flat shading, Gouraud shading, texture mapping, Phong shading, Cel shading and bump shading.

3D computer graphics software is used in this step to enable the 3D projection of the image. Different rendering methods include scanline rendering, radiosity, ray tracing and wireframe rendering.

Software Used to Create 3D Images

In the world of art and animations, there are many different programs that the user can use in order to create realistic and detailed digital images. These programs often have limited functionality, however, and can only create 2D images. When the user wants to create a more artistic image, he/she needs software that is able to create 3D images. This article will list a number of such programs that are able to not only create 3D images, but also enhance the user’s art by providing a number of additional features that are not commonly found in other software.

Blender
Blender is a free, open source suite of 3D image create and editing tools that is able to run on any platform. Blender includes features for modeling, rigging, UV unwrapping, skinning, animating, rendering, texturing, non-linear editing, and compositing. Blender is also capable of creating water, smoke, particle, and other simulations. The software can also be used to create video games, animations, and other visual effects that cannot be created on simple 2D photo editing software. Users can even write their own scripts in Blender and use them to create powerful 3D effects. The software was written in C, C++, and Python and can run on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, FreeBSD, IRIX, and Solaris. The software can be downloaded at http://www.blender.org/download/get-blender/ .

AutoDesk SoftImage
AutoDesk SoftImage is a 3D image software made specifically for designing and rendering high-quality, 3D facial and body simulations. AutoDesk SoftImage can also be used to create other visual effects such as fireworks, water, smoke, and light. The software can create both moving and still images such as desks, trees, and landscapes. By using both scripts and graphical controls, users are able to create detailed simulations of real events to be used for video games, animations, and other moving images. AutoDesk SoftImage is available for a free trial and can be purchased for $3,790 from http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/pc/index?siteID=123112&id=13571168 .

Effect3D
Effect3D is another 3D image creator used to create elaborate 3D images. Effect3D uses a slightly different method than other image creator software as it allows the user to simply type in text to create objects in the graphical interface. Effect3D includes a database of pre-made images that users can use in their simulations. The software is rather basic when compared to other photo editing software but it does provide an easy solution to creating 3D images and is a very good choice for beginners. Effect3D is available for a free trial and can be purchased for $39.95 from http://www.reallusion.com/e3dstudio/ .

Callipygian 3D
Callipygian 3D is a very easy to use, anaglyph photo editing software that is able to produce full-color anaglyphs in a short amount of time. An anaglyph is simply a still or moving object that is made of many different colors and looks 3D when a copy of the image is placed on top of the original. Callipygian 3D makes this task very easy by providing the user with every tool he/she needs to create anaglyphic images. The software can create flowers, scenery, and other visual effects by combining various colors and images together. Callipygian 3D is completely free and can be found at http://www.callipygian.com/3D/ .

HumanEyes 3D
HumanEyes 3D is an excellent program for anyone who wishes to create powerful 3D images. The software is specifically made for image projects and can be used by photographers, designers, and printers. In fact, photographers, designers, and printers each have their own features that allow them to do their job better. For example, photographers can take a picture and edit it with HumanEyes 3D to create a realistic, 3D image. HumanEyes 3D is available for a 60-day free trial and can be purchased for $199-$200, depending on the specific version that the user needs. The software can be found at http://www.humaneyes.com/ .

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تطبيقات مهمة تساعدك في الحياة الدراسة

 اولا:تطبيق My study life 

من منا لا يحب ان ينظم وقت دراسته,من منا كره ان يجد من يذكره بالحصص التي لديه كل يوم او ما يجب عليه مراجعته ,تطبيق”حياتي الدراسية” يساعدك كثيرا.

هنا نرى الجدول الزمني

هنا يمكننا اضافة المواد بالضغط على الزر زائد

هنا يمكننا راية المعلومات الخاصة بكل مادة

تحميل التطبيق : Android

ثانيا: تطبيق Agenda étudiant

لا يقل وصفا على سابقه في هذا التطبيق يمكنك ان تحفظ الجدول اليومي  الخاص بك و كذا يمكنك من انشاء برنامج يومي للمذاكرة

تحميل التطبيق : Android

ثالثا:تطبيق  (Journey (Journal

تطبيق رائع, لست في حاجة الى لإصطحاب دفتر ملاحظات معك أينما ذهبت فهذا التطبيق يغنيك عنه لانه يمكنك من تدوين كل الملاحظات التي تريد الاحتفاظ بها و الجميل ايضا انك تتسجل ببريدك الالكتروني او الجي ميل و حفظ كل المعلومات كي لا تُتلف.

تحميل التطبيق : Android

رابعا: تطبيق FiiNote, prendre des note

هو تطبيق رائع جدا لانه يشبه الدفتر تماما ما يميزه عن سابقه انه يمكنك من استعمال قلم الهاتف للكتابة به, كما انه يمكِّننا من ادراج الصور فيه و الكتابة عليها كإدراج صور الخططات و الرسوم التخطيطية و صور الجداول….

تحميل التطبيق : Android 

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كيفية دمج تعريفات حاسوبك مع نسخة الويندوز في ملف الايزو لتثبيتها تلقائياً

  دمج آخر التحديثات مع نسخة الويندوز في ملف ISO بحيث يتم تثبيتها تلقائياً اثناء تثبيت النسخة بالإضافة ايضاً لموضوع دمج نسختين ويندوز بنواة 32 بت و64 بت فى اسطوانة أيزو واحدة، فالغرض من هذا الدمج او التعديل علي نسخة الويندوز هو توفير الوقت المبذول الذي تقوم به بمجرد تثبيت اي نسخة كإعادة تحميل التحديثات وتثبيت البرامج واللغة وتعيين الخلفيات..إلخ بحيث تستطيع بعد الدمج تثبيت النسخة فقط لان اثناء تثبيت النسخة يتم تثبيت جميع البرامج والتحديثات والتعريفات المدمجه معها، وفي إطار هذه النوعية من المقالات وكما هو مُبين من عنوان الموضوع إننا سنقوم بإستعراض اليوم طريقة دمج تعريفات حاسوبك او اللاب توب الخاص بك في إسطوانة الويندوز او في ملف الأيزو الخاص بالنسخة بطريقة سهلة لتثبيتها تلقائياً كلما قمت بتثبيت ويندوز جديد.



اولاً دعني أخبرك بإنه يجب أن تضع في إعتبارك أن النسخة المدمج معها تعريفات حاسوبك لا تصلح تماماً لآي حاسوب آخر غير الكمبيوتر الخاص بك لسبب واضح وهو أن تعريفات جهازك ليست مثل تعريفات الجهاز الآخر وبالتالي إن قمت بتثبيتها علي الحاسوب الآخر فسيحدث مشاكل كثيرة وتلف في قطع الجهاز او قد لا تعمل من الاساس، لذلك فإن النسخة المدمج معها التعريفات تكون مخصصه للكمبيوتر الخاص بك فقط. حسناً الآن دعونا نبدأ في إستعراض خطوات الطريقة.



مبدأياً ستحتاج إلي آخذ نسخة إحتياطية من تعريفات جهازك الذي تريد أن تدمجها مع نسخة الويندوز لتكون علي هيئة باك اب او بصيغة INF وهي الصيغة المُستخدمة في تثبيت التعريفات من قبل ويندوز وليست ملفات تثبيت يدوية، وبإمكانك استخدام اي منبرامج عمل نسخة احتياطية من التعريفات لكنني أفضل أستخدام برنامج Driver Magician نظراً لسرعته وسهولة التعامل معه، فإذا قمت بتحميله وتشغيله اضغط علي Back Up Drivers ثم إبدأ في تحديد جميع التعريفات التي ترغب في حفظ نسخة إحتياطية منها ولاحظ ان وظيفة كل تعريف تتواجد أدني قسم Class كالصوت او الشاشة.. لمعرفتها بسهولة، ثم اضغط علي Start Backup وحدد مكان حفظ مجلد التعريفات وتذكر جيداً هذا المكان.

الآن بعد ما قمت بعمل باك أب لتعريفات الحاسوب نقوم بتحميل اداة Win Toolkit وهي اداة لا تحتاج لتثبيت تقوم بالتعديل علي اسطوانة الويندوز وسنستخدمها لدمج التعريفات وبإمكانك تحميلها من هذا الـموقع الرسمي او من هـنا، فبمجرد تحميلها وتشغيلها  علي حاسوبك اضغط علي زر All In One Integrator المرمز له بأيقونة "نجمة".



بعد ذلك ستظهر لك نافذة منبثقة تقوم فيها بتوجيه مؤشر الماوس نحو قسم Browse المتواجد بالأعلي لتظهر لك قائمة منسدلة نضغط منها علي خيار Browse for WIM لتظهر لك نافذة التصفح نقوم من خلالها بالإنتقال للمجلد الذي يحتوي علي ملفات تثبيت نسخة الويندوز ومن بينهما ملف بأسم sources نقوم بالدخول إليه ثم نضغط مرتين علي ملف install.wim، وبعدها ستجد أن اسم النسخة قد ظهر علي اداة Win Toolkit او ربما يظهر عدة نسخة آخري لكن كل ما عليك هو الضغط علي اسم النسخة المحددة فقط إذا كانت ويندوز 8 برو او 7 ultimate او 10 برو فنقوم بتحديدها ثم ننقر علي زر Select بالأسفل.

في تلك النافذة التي ستظهر سنقوم بوضع التعريفات الخاصة بحاسوبك والذي ترغب في دمجها مع نسخة الويندوز وذلك من خلال النقر علي قسم Drivers بالأعلي ومن ثم نضغط علي ايقونة + الموجودة علي الجانب الايسر، وبعدها تظهر نافذة التصفح ومن خلالها تنتقل إلي المجلد الذي قمنـا فيه بحـفظ مـلفات النسخة الاحتـياطية للتـعريفات والتي أجـريـنـاهـا ببرنامج  Driver Magician فكل ما عليك هو تحديد هذا الملف فقـط بـدون الدخـول إليه وتـضـغـط علي زر Select Folder لتظهر لك جميع التعريفات علي أدني قسم Drivers اداة Win Toolkit، ولاحظ إنها تظهر بصيغة inf فهذا يدل علي قراءة التعريفات بشكل صحيح وكما هو موضح ايضاً في الصورة.

 

نقوم الآن بالنقر علي زر Start المتواجد بالأعلي ليبدأ في عملية الدمج مباشرةً، وقد يستغرق ذلك وقتاً طويلاً حسب قدرة وإمكانيات جهازك في معالجة العمليات الذي يقوم بها البرنامج اثناء الدمج كذلك يستند الامر علي حجم وعدد التعريفات فكلما كانت اقل كلما كانت الامور تسير سريعاً ولكن في تجربتي لتطبيق الخطوات إتخذ 16 دقيقة لدمج التعريفات وإعادة بناء النسخة، لكن علي اي حال أنصح في هذا الوقت الذي يتم فيه دمج التعريفات بعدم القيام بأي مهام علي الحاسوب وتعطيل برنامج الحماية لحين ينتهي من عملية الدمج، فينبغي الاهتمام بهذه النصائح لعدم مواجهة رسائل خطأ او مشاكل.

 

بعد الانتهاء ينبغي أن تظهر لك رسالة إتمام عملية الدمج بنجاح وبذلك قد قمت بدمج التعريفات مع نسخة الويندوز، او ربما تظهر لك رسالة فشل بسبب وجود بعض التعريفات لم تستطيع الاداة دمجها فلا تقلق بشأن ذلك، ولكن كل ما تحتاج الآن هو القيام بتحويل نسخة الويندوز إلي صيغة أيزو مجدداً وتستطيع القيام بذلك من خلال الخطوات المذكورة في مقال كيفية انشاء ملف نسخة ويندوز ISO من ملفات الويندوز وبعدها تستطيع حرق النسخة علي اي فلاشة او أسطوانة وتثبيتها بدون مشاكل وسيتم تثبيت التعريفات تلقائياً اثناء تثبيت النسخة.

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